Rare Roman-Style Fresco of Jesus Discovered in Ancient Turkish Tomb Near Iznik
IZNIK, Turkey — Archaeologists have unearthed a rare fresco depicting Jesus Christ in a Roman style within an underground tomb dating back to the third century, a discovery that sheds new light on early Christian art during a period of persecution under the Roman Empire. The tomb lies near Iznik, the historic site where the Nicene Creed was adopted in A.D. 325, a foundational moment for Christian doctrine.
The fresco portrays a youthful, clean-shaven Jesus dressed in a toga, carrying a goat on his shoulders as the “Good Shepherd,” a motif symbolizing care and guidance. This representation is unusual for Anatolia, where Jesus is seldom depicted with Roman attributes, making the artwork potentially unique in the region, according to the lead archaeologist involved in the excavation.
“This fresco is one of the best-preserved examples of early Christian art in Anatolia and may be the only example of its kind,” the archaeologist said. The tomb’s dating to the third century places it firmly within the era when Christians faced significant persecution, underscoring the courage and devotion of early believers who expressed their faith through clandestine art.
The discovery coincides with Pope Leo XIV’s recent visit to Iznik, marking his first overseas trip since becoming pontiff. The pope commemorated the 1,700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, which convened in this very town and established the Nicene Creed, a declaration of faith that remains central to Christianity worldwide. During his visit, Pope Leo XIV joined Eastern and Western patriarchs and clergy in prayers for Christian unity, reciting the creed at the historic site.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan welcomed the pope with an official ceremony in Ankara and presented him with a tile painting inspired by the newly discovered “Good Shepherd” fresco, symbolizing Turkey’s recognition of its rich Christian heritage. The event highlighted the significance of the find not only for religious communities but also for cultural and historical scholarship.
Experts note that the fresco’s Roman stylistic elements reflect the complex cultural and political milieu of Anatolia under Roman rule, where Christianity was still emerging amid imperial opposition. The depiction of Jesus as a shepherd carrying a lamb resonates with early Christian symbolism representing salvation and pastoral care.
This archaeological breakthrough adds to the understanding of early Christian iconography and provides a tangible link to the faith’s formative centuries. It also enriches the historical narrative of Iznik, a town that played a pivotal role in shaping Christian theology.
For further context on the Council of Nicaea and its enduring influence, the National Archives provides extensive resources. Information on Turkey’s cultural heritage preservation efforts can be found through the National Park Service. The Vatican’s official site offers details on Pope Leo XIV’s visit and initiatives toward Christian unity at vatican.va. Additionally, the Archaeological Institute of America provides updates on significant discoveries in early Christian archaeology.
This remarkable fresco not only illuminates the artistic expressions of early Christians but also serves as a symbol of enduring faith and cultural dialogue in a region that continues to bridge East and West.
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