South Korean Prosecutors Seek Death Penalty for Former President Yoon Over Martial Law Declaration
SEOUL, South Korea — In a dramatic escalation of legal proceedings, South Korean prosecutors have demanded the death penalty for former President Yoon Suk Yeol, accusing him of rebellion linked to his controversial martial law declaration in December 2024. Independent counsel Cho Eun-suk presented the case before the Seoul Central District Court on Tuesday, describing Yoon’s actions as “anti-state activities” and characterizing the martial law decree as a “self-coup.”
Yoon, a conservative leader who was removed from office last spring, remains in custody as he faces multiple criminal charges stemming from his presidency, with the rebellion charge carrying the most severe potential punishment. Prosecutors argue that the December 3, 2024, martial law declaration was an attempt by Yoon to extend his grip on power amid mounting political turmoil.
The martial law episode triggered widespread controversy and legal scrutiny, with prosecutors asserting that Yoon’s decree undermined democratic institutions and threatened national stability. The case has drawn intense public and international attention, highlighting the fragility of South Korea’s political landscape.
Legal experts note that the death penalty request is unprecedented in recent South Korean history, underscoring the gravity with which authorities view the former president’s actions. South Korea abolished the death penalty in practice decades ago, although it remains on the statute books, making this case particularly significant.
The Seoul Central District Court is expected to deliberate carefully on the charges, which include rebellion, a serious offense under South Korean law. The judiciary’s handling of this high-profile trial will be closely watched by global observers and human rights organizations.
Yoon’s supporters argue that the martial law declaration was a response to an extraordinary national crisis, intended to maintain order. However, prosecutors contend that it was a calculated move to suppress opposition and consolidate power unlawfully.
This legal battle follows Yoon’s impeachment and removal from office, a rare occurrence in South Korea’s democratic history. His administration faced numerous controversies, and the martial law decree remains the most contentious episode.
For context on South Korea’s legal framework regarding rebellion and martial law, the Ministry of Justice provides detailed statutes and procedural guidelines. Additionally, the Supreme Court of Korea oversees judicial matters of national significance, including cases involving former heads of state.
Internationally, the case has sparked debate about the balance between security and democratic governance. The U.S. Department of State’s 2025 Human Rights Report on South Korea highlights ongoing challenges related to political freedoms and the rule of law.
As the trial unfolds, the world watches closely to see how South Korea navigates this unprecedented moment in its democracy, balancing justice, accountability, and the preservation of its constitutional order.
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