Trump Administration Launches Phase Two of Gaza Peace Plan Amid Uncertain Prospects for Hamas Disarmament
WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Trump administration formally initiated the second phase of its Gaza peace plan this week, marking a pivotal shift from ceasefire negotiations toward an ambitious agenda focused on demilitarizing Hamas and rebuilding the war-torn Gaza Strip. The announcement by U.S. Special Envoy to the Middle East Steve Witkoff underscores a transition to “demilitarization, technocratic governance and reconstruction,” but experts caution that disarming Hamas remains the most formidable challenge to lasting peace.
On January 14, 2026, Witkoff outlined the administration’s expectations that Hamas fully comply with its obligations under the ceasefire agreement, including the immediate return of the final deceased Israeli hostage. He warned that failure to meet these commitments would provoke “serious consequences,” signaling a firm U.S. stance on enforcement. The envoy’s remarks were posted on the official U.S. Department of State’s social media platform, reflecting the administration’s intent to maintain pressure on Hamas.
Despite the renewed diplomatic push, skepticism persists among analysts and international observers regarding Hamas’s willingness to disarm. The militant group, which has governed Gaza since 2007, retains a significant arsenal and maintains a complex network of armed factions. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) continues to provide humanitarian aid in Gaza, but its officials have expressed concern over the political and security environment complicating reconstruction efforts. The U.S. administration’s move to prioritize demilitarization as a precondition for reconstruction aligns with longstanding international calls for Hamas to renounce violence.
France’s ambassador to the United Nations, Jérôme Bonnafont, voiced cautious optimism about the plan’s second phase, expressing hope that it would lead to a future where Hamas no longer poses a threat. His remarks, delivered during a UN Security Council session, echoed broader European support for a stable and demilitarized Gaza.
The Trump administration’s strategy reflects a broader U.S. policy framework aimed at stabilizing the Middle East through a combination of diplomatic engagement and security measures. This approach is consistent with guidelines from the U.S. Department of State, which emphasize the importance of counterterrorism efforts alongside humanitarian assistance.
However, the path forward remains fraught. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has documented ongoing security incidents and political fragmentation within Gaza, complicating efforts to establish a unified governance structure capable of overseeing reconstruction.
Meanwhile, U.S. military and intelligence agencies continue to monitor developments closely. The Department of Defense has reiterated its commitment to supporting Israel’s security and countering threats from militant groups in the region. The administration’s emphasis on demilitarization aligns with these objectives, aiming to reduce the likelihood of renewed hostilities.
As the Trump administration moves forward with phase two of its Gaza peace plan, the international community watches closely. The success of this initiative hinges on Hamas’s willingness to disarm and cooperate, a prospect that remains uncertain. The coming months will test the durability of the ceasefire and the feasibility of rebuilding Gaza under the shadow of ongoing political and security challenges.
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