Study Links Preteen Smartphone Use to Increased Risks of Depression, Obesity, and Sleep Deficiency

ST. PAUL, Minn. — December 2, 2025 — A new study conducted by the American Academy of Pediatrics has found that preteens who own and regularly use smartphones face higher risks of depression, obesity, and insufficient sleep compared to their peers who receive smartphones later in adolescence. The findings come from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, which analyzed data from more than 10,000 early adolescents.

According to the study, children who received smartphones before age 12 were 31% more likely to experience depression, 40% more likely to struggle with obesity, and 62% more likely to suffer from lack of sleep than those who obtained smartphones as teenagers. The research is set to be published in the January edition of the journal Pediatrics.

Researchers emphasized the need for a clear framework to guide childhood and early adolescent smartphone ownership to promote healthier development. The study also noted that outcomes improved when preteens’ smartphone use was subject to parental supervision and limits on frequency and timing of online activity.

The study’s initial release coincides with upcoming discussions by the House Energy and Commerce Committee, which is scheduled to review 19 bills aimed at protecting children’s safety and privacy online. Among these is the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA), which passed the Senate last year but did not advance in the House.

While early smartphone ownership is linked to adverse health outcomes, the study also acknowledges that some youths who do not own smartphones may face challenges, underscoring the importance of supporting families as children navigate smartphone use.

The researchers called for public policy development informed by these findings to better protect youth and assist caregivers in managing adolescent smartphone use.